Viola

Viola L. 1753 Violsläktet
V. odorata, luktviol
Familj	Violaceae
Ordning	Malpighiales
Överordning	Eudicotyledonae
Underklass	Angiospermae
Rike	Plantae

Violsläktet omfattar ungefär 645 arter i familjen violväxter. Dessutom finns ett stort antal hybrider. Växterna i släktet är mestadels örter men det finns också några halvbuskar. Violer har ofta ett krypande växtsätt och ganska små blommor, upp till 3 centimeter breda. Många av dem har såväl vanliga som kleistogama blommor. Utbredningsområdet är i stora delar av världen. Många violer odlas, men då är det vanligast med hybrider och olika namnsorter.

Typart är V. odorata, luktviol.

Arter

Viola abbreviata Viola abulensis Viola abyssinica Viola acanthophylla Viola accrescens Viola acrocerauniensis Viola acuminata Viola acutifolia Viola adenothrix Viola adunca Viola aduncoides Viola aethnensis Viola aetolica - grekisk styvmorsviol Viola affinis Viola aizoon Viola alaica Viola alba - silverviol Viola albanica Viola albida Viola alburnica Viola alexandrowiana Viola alexejana Viola allchariensis Viola alliariifolia Viola allochroa Viola alpina Viola altaica - altajviol Viola amamiana Viola ambigua Viola amiatina Viola amurica Viola anagae Viola angkae Viola angustifolia Viola anitae Viola annamensis Viola appalachiensis Viola araucaniae Viola arborescens Viola argentina Viola arguta Viola arsenica Viola arvensis - åkerviol Viola athois - athosviol Viola atropurpurea Viola aurantiaca Viola aurata Viola auricolor Viola auricula Viola austrosinensis Viola bakeri Viola balansae Viola balcanica Viola bangii Viola banksii - murgrönsviol Viola baoshanensis Viola barhalensis Viola barkalovii Viola barroetana Viola baxteri Viola beamanii Viola beati Viola beckeriana Viola beckiana Viola beckwithii Viola belophylla Viola bertolonii Viola betonicifolia Viola bezdelevae Viola bhutanica Viola biflora - fjällviol Viola binayensis Viola bissetii Viola blanda Viola blandiformis Viola bocquetiana Viola boissieuana Viola boliviana Viola brachyceras Viola brachypetala Viola brachyphylla Viola breviflora Viola brevistipulata Viola bridgesii Viola brittoniana Viola bubanii Viola bulbosa Viola bustillosia Viola calabra Viola calcarata - sporrviol Viola calchaquiensis Viola calcicola Viola caleyana Viola cameleo Viola canadensis - kanadaviol Viola canescens Viola canina - ängsviol Viola capillaris Viola caspia Viola cassinensis Viola caucasica Viola cavillieri Viola cazorlensis - cazorla-viol Viola cenisia - cenisviol Viola cephalonica Viola cerasifolia Viola cervatiana Viola chaerophylloides - körvelviol Viola chalcosperma Viola chamaedrys Viola chamissoniana Viola changii Viola charlestonensis Viola chassanica Viola cheeseana Viola cheiranthifolia Viola chejuensis Viola chelmea Viola chiapasiensis Viola cilentana Viola cilicica Viola cinerea Viola clauseniana Viola cleistogamoides Viola cochranei Viola collina - bergviol Viola columnaris Viola comberi Viola commersonii Viola communis Viola comollia Viola concordifolia Viola confertifolia Viola congesta Viola cornuta - hornviol Viola coronifera Viola corralensis Viola corsica - korsikansk viol Viola cotyledon Viola crassifolia Viola crassiuscula Viola cuatrecasasii Viola cucullata Viola cuicochensis Viola culminis Viola cuneata Viola cunninghamii Viola curtisiae Viola cuspidifolia Viola czemalensis Viola dacica Viola dactyloides Viola dalatensis Viola dandoisiorum Viola danielae Viola dasyphylla Viola davidii Viola decipiens Viola declinata Viola decumbens Viola dehnhardtii Viola delavayi Viola delphinantha Viola demetria Viola denizliensis Viola diamantiaca Viola dichroa Viola diffusa Viola dimorphophylla Viola dirimliensis Viola dirphya Viola disjuncta Viola dissecta Viola diversifolia Viola doerfleri Viola dombeyana Viola domeikoana Viola domestica Viola douglasii Viola dubyana - gardaviol Viola duclouxii Viola dukadjinica Viola dyris Viola ecuadorensis Viola edulis Viola egglestonii Viola eizanensis - skär körvelviol Viola elatior - storviol Viola elegantula - bosnisk viol Viola emarginata Viola eminens Viola eminii Viola enmae Viola epipsila - mossviol Viola epipsiloides Viola epirota Viola eriocarpa Viola ermenekensis Viola escarapela Viola escondidaensis Viola etrusca Viola euboea Viola eugeniae Viola evae Viola eximia Viola exsul Viola falconeri Viola farkasiana Viola faurieana Viola ferdinandea Viola ferrarinii Viola ferreyrae Viola filicaulis Viola fimbriatula Viola fischeri Viola flagelliformis Viola flavicans Viola flettii Viola floridana Viola flos-idae Viola fluehmannii Viola formosana Viola forrestiana Viola forskaalii Viola fragrans Viola frank-smithii Viola friderici Viola frigida Viola frondosa Viola frusinatae Viola fruticosa Viola fuscifolia Viola fuscoviolacea Viola galeanaensis Viola ganiatsasii Viola gaviolii Viola gelida Viola germainii Viola glabella Viola glaberrima Viola glandularis Viola glechomoides Viola gmeliniana Viola godoyae Viola gracilis - balkanviol Viola gracillima Viola grahamii Viola grandisepala Viola granulosa Viola grayi Viola grisebachiana Viola grypoceras - koreansk viol Viola guadalupensis Viola guangzhouensis Viola guatemalensis Viola guaxarensis Viola hallii Viola hamiltoniana Viola hancockii Viola hastata - spjutviol Viola hederacea Viola hediniana Viola heldreichiana Viola helena Viola hemsleyana Viola henriquesii Viola henryi Viola herzogii Viola hieronymi Viola hillii Viola hirsutula Viola hirta - buskviol Viola hirtipes Viola hispida Viola hissarica Viola hondoensis Viola hookeri Viola hookeriana Viola howellii Viola huesoensis Viola huidobrii Viola hultenii Viola humilis Viola hybanthoides Viola hymettia Viola ilvensis Viola improcera Viola incisa Viola incognita Viola inconspicua Viola indica Viola ingolensis Viola ircutiana Viola irinae Viola isaurica Viola isopetala Viola ivonis Viola iwagawae Viola jalapaensis Viola jangiensis Viola japonica Viola jaubertiana - mallorcaviol Viola javanica Viola jeniseensis Viola jinggangshanensis Viola jizushanensis Viola joergensenii Viola johnstonii Viola jooi - rumänsk viol Viola jordanii Viola kamtschadalorum Viola kauaensis Viola keiskei Viola kermesina Viola kitaibeliana Viola kitamiana Viola kizildaghensis Viola kjellbergii Viola kopaonikensis Viola kosanensis Viola kosaninii Viola kunawarensis Viola kusanoana Viola kusnezowiana Viola labradorica Viola lactea Viola lactiflora Viola lainzii Viola lanaiensis Viola lanceolata Viola langeana Viola langloisii

Viola langsdorffii Viola lanifera Viola laricicola Viola latistipula Viola latiuscula Viola lehmannii Viola leyboldiana Viola libanotica Viola lilliputana Viola lilloana Viola limbarae Viola lithion Viola livonica Viola llullaillacoensis Viola lobata Viola lologensis Viola longipetiolata Viola lovelliana Viola lucens Viola lungtungensis Viola lutea - gulviol Viola lyallii Viola macloskeyi Viola macroceras Viola maculata Viola magellanica Viola magellensis Viola magnifica Viola majchurensis Viola mandonii Viola mandshurica - manchurisk viol Viola maoershanensis Viola marcelorosasii Viola maroccana Viola mauritii Viola maviensis Viola maximowicziana Viola maymanica Viola mearnsii Viola membranacea Viola mercurii Viola merrilliana Viola merxmuelleri Viola mesadensis Viola miaolingensis Viola micranthella Viola microcentra Viola microphylla Viola milanae Viola minuscula Viola minuta Viola minutiflora Viola mirabilis - underviol Viola missouriensis Viola modesta Viola molisana Viola mongolica Viola montagnei Viola montcaunica Viola moupinensis Viola mucronulifera Viola muehldorfii Viola muliensis Viola munbyana Viola murronensis Viola muscoides Viola nagasawae Viola nana Viola nanlingensis Viola nannae Viola nannei Viola nassauvioides Viola nebrodensis Viola nemoralis Viola nephrophylla Viola niederleinii Viola nitida Viola nobilis Viola novae-angliae Viola nubigena Viola nuda Viola nujiangensis Viola nummulariifolia Vill. Viola nuttallii - gul prärieviol Viola oahuensis Viola oblonga Viola obtusa Viola occulta Viola ocellata Viola odontocalycina Viola odorata - luktviol Viola orbelica Viola orbiculata Viola oreades Viola orientalis Viola orphanidis Viola orthoceras Viola ovalleana Viola ovato-oblonga Viola oxyodontis Viola pachyrrhiza Viola pachysoma Viola pacifica Viola painteri Viola palatina Viola pallascaensis Viola palmata Viola palmensis Viola palustris - kärrviol Viola papuana Viola paradoxa - madeiraviol Viola parnonia Viola parvula Viola patrinii Viola pectinata Viola pedata - fågelviol Viola pedatifida - prärieviol Viola pedunculata Viola pekinensis Viola pendulicarpa Viola pentadactyla Viola perinensis Viola perpusilla Viola perreniformis Viola petraea Viola phalacrocarpa Viola philippiana Viola philippica Viola phitosiana Viola pilosa Viola pinetorum Viola pinnata - flikviol Viola pitouchaoensis Viola placida Viola pluviae Viola poetica Viola polycephala Viola polypoda Viola portalesia Viola portulacea Viola praemorsa Viola primorskajensis Viola primulifolia Viola principis Viola prionantha Viola producta Viola pseudaetolica Viola pseudogracilis Viola pseudograeca Viola pubescens Viola pulvinata Viola pumila - dvärgviol Viola purpurea Viola pusilla Viola pusillima Viola pygmaea Viola pyrenaica Viola quercetorum Viola raddeana Viola rafinesquei Viola ramiflora Viola ramosiana Viola rauliniana Viola rausii Viola regina Viola reichei Viola reichenbachiana - lundviol Viola renifolia Viola replicata Viola retusa Viola rheophila Viola rhodopeia Viola rhombifolia Viola riviniana - skogsviol Viola roccabrunensis Viola rodriguezii Viola roigii Viola rosacea Viola rossii Viola rossowiana Viola rostrata Viola rosulata Viola rotundifolia Viola rubella Viola rubromarginata Viola rudolfii Viola rudolphii Viola rugosa Viola rugulosa Viola rupestris - sandviol Viola rupicola Viola saccata Viola sacchalinensis Viola sacculus Viola sagittata - pilviol Viola samothracica Viola sandrasea Viola santiagonensis Viola saxifraga Viola scandens Viola schachimardanica Viola schariensis Viola scorpiuroides Viola seleriana Viola selkirkii - skuggviol Viola sempervirens Viola sempervivum Viola senzanensis Viola septemloba Viola septentrionalis Viola sequeirae Viola serpentinicola Viola serresiana Viola sfikasiana Viola shaoyoukengensis Viola sheltonii Viola shikokiana Viola shinchikuensis Viola sieberiana Viola sieboldii Viola sieheana Viola sikkimensis Viola silicestris Viola singularis Viola sintenisii Viola sirinica Viola skottsbergiana Viola somchetica Viola sororia - fjärilsviol Viola spathulata Viola speciosa Viola spegazzinii Viola sphaerocarpa Viola stagnina - strandviol Viola steinbachii Viola stewardiana Viola stipularis Viola stojanowii Viola stoloniflora Viola stoneana Viola striata - strimviol Viola striatella Viola striis-notata Viola stuebelii Viola suavis - fagerviol Viola subandina Viola subasica Viola subatlantica Viola subdimidiata Viola subsinuata Viola sumatrana Viola szetschwanensis Viola taltalensis Viola tanaitica Viola tarbagataica Viola tashiroi Viola tectiflora Viola tenuipes Viola tenuissima Viola teplouchovii Viola teshioensis Viola thasia Viola thianschanica Viola thibaudieri Viola thomasiana Viola thomsonii Viola thymifolia Viola tienschiensis Viola tineorum Viola tokubuchiana Viola tomentosa Viola tovarii Viola triangulifolia Viola trichopetala Viola trichosepala Viola tricolor - styvmorsviol Viola tridentata Viola triflabellata Viola trinervata Viola tripartita Viola trochlearis Viola truncata Viola tucumanensis Viola turkestanica Viola turritella Viola ucriana Viola uliginosa - sumpviol Viola umbraticola Viola umphangensis Viola uniflora Viola uniquissima Viola unwinii Viola urophylla Viola utahensis Viola utchinensis Viola vadimii Viola vaginata Viola valderia Viola vallenarensis Viola vallicola Viola vanroyenii Viola variegata Viola vectoris Viola velutina Viola veronicifolia Viola viarum Viola villosa Viola violacea Viola vittata Viola volcanica Viola voliotisii Viola vorobievii Viola vourinensis Viola vulturis Viola wailenalenae Viola wallichiana Viola walteri Viola wansanensis Viola weberbaueri Viola websteri Viola weibelii Viola willkommii Viola woosanensis Viola woroschilovii Viola wulingensis Viola xanthopotamica Viola yazawana Viola yezoensis Viola yildirimlii Viola yunnanensis Viola yunnanfuensis Viola yuzufelensis

Hybrider

Viola × adulterina Viola × albimaritima Viola × albovii Viola × awagatakensis Viola × bachtschisaraensis Viola × bavarica Viola × bissellii Viola × blaxlandiae Viola × braunii Viola × burnatii Viola × chrysantha Viola × conjugens Viola × consobrina Viola × consocia Viola × contempta Viola × cooperrideri Viola × cordifolia Viola × davisii Viola × doii Viola × eclipes Viola × eizasieboldii Viola × fennica Viola × filicetorum Viola × fujisanensis Viola × ganeschinii Viola × gotlandica Viola × greatrexii Viola × grubovii Viola × halacsyana Viola × haynaldii Viola × heterocarpa Viola × hirtiformis Viola × hollickii Viola × hungarica Viola × hyrcanica Viola × ibukiana Viola × igoschinae Viola × incissecta Viola × insessa Viola × insolita Viola × interjecta Viola × intersita Viola × iselensis Viola × jagellonica Viola × jindoensis Viola × joannis-wagneri Viola × josephii Viola × juzepczukii Viola × karakulensis Viola × kerneri Viola × kisoana Viola × klingeana Viola × kozo-poljanskii Viola × krascheninnikoviorum Viola × lacmonica Viola × litoralis Viola × luciae Viola × lutzii Viola × malteana Viola × markgrafii

Viola × matczkasensis Viola × melissifolia Viola × menitzkii Viola × militaris Viola × mixta Viola × mollicula Viola × mulfordiae Viola × najadum Viola × napae Viola × neglectiformis Viola × nikitinii Viola × notabilis Viola × obtusoacuminata Viola × obtusogrypoceras Viola × ogawae Viola × okuharae Viola × olimpia Viola × perplexa Viola × pluricaulis Viola × poelliana Viola × polysecta Viola × popovae Viola × populifolia Viola × porphyrea Viola × porteriana Viola × pseudomakinoi Viola × pynzarii Viola × raunsiensis Viola × redacta Viola × reschetnikovae Viola × ritschliana Viola × robinsoniana Viola × rupestriformis Viola × savatieri Viola × scabra Viola × schauloi Viola × semseyana Viola × sermenika Viola × skofitziana Viola × subaffinis Viola × sublanceolata Viola × sukaczewii Viola × taradakensis Viola × tigirekica Viola × torslundensis Viola × tuvinica Viola × tzvelevii Viola × uechtritziana Viola × viatkensis Viola × villaquensis Viola × vilnaensis Viola × vindobonensis Viola × wilczekiana Viola × wilhelmii Viola × wilibaldii Viola × wittrockiana - pensé Viola × wujekii Viola × yurii Viola × zophodes Viola × zwienenii

Referenser

• Mabberley, D. J.: Mabberley's plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 2008 (eng). ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 (hardback). Libris. 
• Burnie Geoff: Botanica: illustrerat botaniskt lexikon med över 10000 trädgårdsväxter inklusive odlingsråd, Könemann, Köln 2000 (swe). ISBN 3-8290-4718-5 (inb.). Libris. 
• * POWO. "Plants of the World Online". Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ Retrieved 2022-07-08.
• SKUD, Svensk kulturväxtdatabas (SLU) - violsläktet - https://skud.slu.se/nav/taxa - I tryckt form: Aldén, Björn; Ryman, Svengunnar; Hjertson, Mats Våra kulturväxters namn: ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm, 2009. ISBN 978-91-540-6026-9